The Government of Canada is taking significant steps to renew its relationship with First Nations by addressing the longstanding failure to provide agricultural provisions promised under Treaties 5, 6, and 10. These treaties included commitments from Canada to supply essential farming equipment, including ploughs, seeds for key crops, and livestock, to support the economic transition of First Nations. However, the lack of fulfillment of these promises has left many communities without the necessary resources for agricultural development.

Recently, the Gary Anandasangaree, Minister of Crown-Indigenous Relations, met with several First Nations, including the Alexis Nakota Sioux Nation, Buffalo River Dene Nation, and others, to discuss the resolution of their specific claims related to agricultural benefits, known as the Cows and Plows claims. This dialogue is part of a broader effort to acknowledge and settle historical grievances stemming from Canada’s failure to honor these treaties.

Chief Cody Thomas, Chief of Enoch Cree Nation suggested that The Agricultural Benefits settlements signify progress. Canada’s past failures are acknowledged, and there is hope for fulfilling promises to our Nations.

Since 1973, Canada has resolved over 720 specific claims, and from April 1 to September 30, 2024, 18 claims have been settled for a total of $1.1 billion in compensation. The ongoing discussions with Treaty 5, 6, and 10 First Nations aim to expedite resolutions for outstanding claims, with anticipated compensation approaching $1.4 billion under a streamlined resolution strategy.

The financial support provided through this framework has amounted to nearly $1.94 billion for First Nations in the western provinces since May 2023. This funding is critical, as the socio-economic disparities between Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations in Canada have resulted from decades of colonial policies that denied land and resources to Indigenous communities. Acknowledging these historical injustices and compensating Indigenous Peoples is essential for advancing reconciliation and rebuilding trust.

Successful resolution of these specific claims represents a vital step toward reconciliation with First Nations, recognizing and addressing past wrongs while aiming to create a better future. The settlements underscore Canada’s commitment to rectify historical injustices for current and future generations.

The historical context of these treaties is important to understand. Treaty 5, signed in 1875-76, covers much of central and northern Manitoba and parts of Saskatchewan and Ontario. Treaty 6, signed in 1876, involves agreements with the Plains and Woods Cree and other bands in Saskatchewan and Alberta. Lastly, Treaty 10, established in 1906, encompasses regions in northern Saskatchewan and eastern Alberta.

As Canada continues to engage with First Nations on these issues, it seeks to honor the spirit of the treaties and rectify the failures of the past, laying the groundwork for a more equitable future for Indigenous communities.